In reading part of IELTS exam, there are always three reading passage and 40 questions to be answer in 60 minutes. Four recorded audio is played one by one. After every audio, you will be given time answer the questions. This books is considered as one of the books that are the most helpful in helping students to improve their IELTS results thanks to effective tips and tactics. This bookset has 3 books for 4 different skills which are the Reading one, Writing one and Listening — Speaking one.
IELTS is for following :- Academic — for people applying for higher education or professional registration. A key feature of this book is the provision of actual writing samples that have been generated by previous test-takers and are commented upon by examiners. This provides concrete examples and explanations as to what is necessary to reach a high band for the Writing module.
In sum, this guide is an excellent tool. Although it is narrow in scope, it remains one of the best IELTS books for advancing the writing skills that are necessary to ace the test.
Another book targeting the Writing module of the IELTS, this test study guide provides step-by-step guidance on mastering this section of the test. The guide aims to break down writing samples into concrete parts as a means of explaining how to write in a high scoring method.
The book also helps test-takers identify different question types and match corresponding answer structures to these question types, draft effective introductions to essays, and even draft high scoring phrases.
Written in a no-nonsense, easy-to-understand style, this is a simple yet concrete tool for understanding how to perform well in the Writing module. Focusing on English words that frequently appear on IELTS exams, this book features exercises designed to teach future test-takers how to derive the meanings of new words from their context. Strategies for learning and recalling word meanings are provided as are techniques for analyzing new compound words.
In sum, this book is an easy and novel way to build your English vocabulary. If you are looking to focus specifically on vocabulary, this may well be the best IELTS book out there. We highly recommend that you invest in at least one of the above textbooks before taking the IELTS, however there is a wide variety of free resources available that can assist you in your studies.
Here are some of the best:. The British Council website contains a host of free practice tests and guidance, along with listening materials, videos to help with the speaking section of the test, and even a free Android app which is aimed at improving vocabulary. All of the resources on the site are trustworthy and useful. It focuses particularly on the writing and grammar sections, and offers practice tests, model answers, and advice with writing and structuring essays.
This self-study guide has a detailed section on each IELTS skill, guiding you on how to prepare for your IELTS and offering you a thorough list of material — free to use — that will aid you in practice and preparation. Defectors innovate. New attacks defect, or cheat. If too many defect, society stops become possible. Existing attacks become eaSier, functioning , the crime rate soars, international cheaper, more reliable or more devastating.
More banking collapses and judicial rulings become people may defect, simply because it's easier to. In available for sale to t he highest bidder. No one response, society must also innovate, to reduce the would trust anyone because there wouldn't be scope of defection and restore the balance. This enough trust to go around. If we can increase the benefits of co - operation or Global banking, terrorists with nuclear weapons, the costs of defection, we can induce people to act genetiC engineering , bio-weapons, pandemics: we in the group interest because it is also in their self- now have such dangerous systems that a few interest.
These mechanisms have been called defectors can wreak havoc so great that reactive societal pressures. A bank's reputation in the rebalancing might not be enough.
Worse still, by community is a societal pressure. So is the lock on the time tha t society realizes the gravity of the the ATM that keeps criminals out. Most of us try not to bad. It is defectors and we know they will treat us badly in return. Most who are in t he vanguard for change, such as those don 't steal because we feel guilty - and there are who helped escaped slaves in the US before the consequences when we are caught.
We recognize it civil war. It is defectors who agitate to overthrow is in our long -term self-interest not to act in our the repressive regimes they live under. How to achieve the balance is at the core of many Morals and reputation worked well enough for of our debates about introducing laws to police the primitive lifestyles, but these began to fail as Internet.
Anonymity is essential to freedom and society grew too large. Trust is personal and liberty and saves the lives of dissidents everywhere. Copyright both morals and reputation are easily limited to an in- protects and stifles innovation. The big challenge group. Institutional systems - laws - formalized will be to understand how to simultaneously provide reputational systems, and security technolog ies both more societal pressure to deal with the threats allowed societal pressures to scale up as we of technology, and less pressure to ensure an open, expanded into ever-larger groups.
Which two problems are mentioned by the writer? A The difficulties of relying on international co-operation. B The rewards for experienced criminals will always prove a temptation. C The developments of technology can make criminal activity easier.
D The measures that could be used to control crime could also limit our freedoms. E The cost of trying to prevent all forms of cheating is too high. B group and individual interest are generally equal. C the consequences of cheating are too great. D it is in our nature to act in a moral manner. B we only trust those we are familiar with.
C it is linked to our personal reputation. D it is likely that cheats do not trust anyone. B the system of trust is not reliable. C the balance between co-operation and cheating is always at risk. D people who cheat the system wiJl sometimes have an advantage. B can hope to achieve positive solutions to problems. C are generally intelligent and innovative.
D try to do as much damage as possible. Question 6 Which of the following is the most suitable title f or the text? A The impossibility of co-operation in a world of cheats B The increased threats to a functioning society C How to keep criminals in check for the benefit of society D The importance of technology in balancing risk and reward in society E The complexities of a society based on trust Questions Complete the summary of the third paragraph below.
Society is a network of related elements that depend on one another. What holds society together and enables it to work effectively is the For this to happen, it is important that people behave as However, some may aim to abuse this system for their own benefit by These are the parasites who enjoy the fruits of co-operation while exploiting it selfishly for their purposes.
A TM-based 'card skimmers' and 'new technologies'.. D Anonymity is essential to freedom and liberty Yet it also protects crimina ls. A is not mentioned at all. B may be understood, but is not mentioned; E is not specifically mentioned, though logical. Q2 A Correct. This is the paradox mentioned in the fourth paragraph. B' Incorrect. It is contradicted in the text C Incorrect. It is mentioned as one example regarding stealing, not as a general fact, and human nature is not mentioned.
D Incorrect. We have learnt to balance collective and personal interest as society has grown - it is not nature. Q3 A Incorrect. B Correct. C Incorrect: Reputation is mentioned as a means of regulating small groups. D Incorrect: The trust of cheats is not mentioned. Q4 A Incorrect: These are used as examples of the bigger problem of maintaining a balance between co-operation and cheating. B Incorrect: The system is not discussed in terms of reliability. C Correct. The balance isn't static.
D Incorrect: Although it is true technology gives cheats an advantage, the purpose of the example is to show the scale of the problem, not the means by which it was achieved. Q5 A Incorrect. Although some cheats use technology, there is no mention of all defectors doing this.
Defectors helped slaves escape and work to overthrow bad governments. Tips C Incorrect. While defectors innovate, it is not clear they all do. Be careful: sometimes D Incorrect. There are examples of global problems, but there is nothing about you are given words in a box to complete a these being the goal of all defectors.
The words in Q6 the box might be A Incorrect. The text does not say that co-operation is impossible. They could be a B Incorrect. The increased threats are given as an example of current problems. The text doesn't mention discouraging criminals specifically. Technology is just a fact of life. Q9 organizations and systems 3 Remember, the Q10 cheating information may not be in the same sequence. Explain to your friend why you have chosen these expressions and why many words are required in the answer.
S Expecting the house to be empty, the burglar broke the window and went in. A A social problem can be defined as a condition that is considered undesirable by sufficient number of members of a specific community to constitute a group. There are, however, degrees of social problem, ranging from the relatively trivial to those that are so serious as to call into question the most important values of the society in question. On some there is likely to be consensus, while others may provoke extreme debate.
Nobody could claim that social problems such as murder and traffic deaths resulting from drink drivihg are to be a. However, it is not hard to find examples of other social problems that divide opinion.
Teenagers playing loud music in a public park on finishing their school day obviously do not consider their behaviour unreasonable, but it may well be considered an extremely undesirable social condition by other groups who feel they have an equal right to enjoy the park and its facilities. Similarly, a number of non-smokers hold the view that smoking is an undesirable social condition that should be banned or restricted in all outdoor public areas.
B Nevertheless, research indicates there are factors that determine the degree to which a phenomenon comes to be perceived and accepted as a social problem. For example, the likelihood of a condition being considered a social problem is much greater if the group it affects are themselves powerful; that is, if they are figures of influence.
For this reason, the problems that made life difficult for the poor tended to escape notice until they had some impact on the rich and middle-class citizens, for example when they became victims of crime. In the United States, the problem of drug abuse attracted substantially more attention once it spread from the lower-class, predominantly non-white population and began to affe,ct the sons and daughters of the educated middle class.
C By much the same logic, if a condition has an impact on a small subsection of the population, it will more easily escape attention than when its adverse effects impact on a larger social group. Again, in the United States, the poverty of African Americans has featured much more prominently than the poverty of Native Americans. This can partly be explained by the fact that African Americans constitute a much larger group and are more visible.
For example, we become used to prevailing levels of crime, traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution and even political corruption. But should there be a sharp rise in intensity in one of these, public concern will also increase. One case of political corruption a year may be a source of concern for our institutions, but five such cases in one month will forcefully grab the public's attention.
E Also worth a mention is the role played by the mass media, which, according to many commentators, have largely and unfortunately failed in any attempt they might have made to address social problems. In fact, some would go further and state that if anything, television, radio and newspapers have actually contributed to the problems that exist and made them worse.
This is to a great extent because they have reinforced the stereotypes that relate to race, class and gender rather than tackle them. F Until the advent of the Internet, television was without doubt the primary vehicle through which society received its information and also the mirror of society in the way in which it reflected its values and expectations. Consequently, what a particular station chooses to present as newsworthy will inevitably influence the way viewers interpret both their society and the world around them.
G All too often, television news programmes tend to focus on stories that present negative images of minority groups. We are bombarded on an almost daily basis with stories of minorities engaging in crimes such as robbery, murder and rape. These crimes by implication become characteristic of minorities. The success stories that could counterbalance this negativity are remarkably absent.
The single mother who, despite the odds, finishes college with a good degree; the young man from the inner city who works his way up from the factory floor to hold a position of responsibility in the company - these stories rarely feature. Questions 1- 12 Complete the notes below. What's a social problem? Definition: A condition that a group views as 1 Can be Habit We get used to problems like pollution, etc.
However, 7 will attract attention. May have made problems 9 Example: race, class, gender Which paragraph contains the following infonnation?
Write the correct letter, A- G. NB You may use any letter more than once. Make a copy of the article and cut out all infinitive and -ing forms and remember to keep a copy of the original so you can check. The next day, see how many of the gaps you can remember accurately. Half the class discusses how technology can be partly responsible for the crimes listed. You should try to use at least 5- 10 expressions from this unit. Discuss the two positions, -and add further ideas. Read the texts again to check if you were right.
Which are most prevalent where you live? How many have you written down in your notebook? How many can you remember? How can this help you with the exam? Which were not new for you? What action do they think is necessary to improve their situation? What can individuals do to help? Getting started 1 4 7 1'i. Which do you consider to be the five most serious?
Which two do you. The top 10 most serious threats facing the environment in the 21st century This is an all-encompassing issue. It shadowed by the consequences of the includes rising sea levels that threaten rapid industrial development taking place Iow-lying countries; changes in rainfall around the world.
The number of people patterns that can give rise to more severe at risk of poisoning themselves by drinking droughts in parts of Africa and around the polluted water, eating polluted food and world and floods that devastate cities, using everyday objects that contain leaving thousands homeless; harsher hazardous chemicals has increased hurricanes and other windstorms; and , alarmingly.
While it is true that the introduction of strict air-quality controls on factories and emissions from cars and 3 According to some estimates, by one other road-using vehicles has reduced the in three people will not have access to level of air pollution in most industrialized safe drinking water unless something is nations, a great deal of work remains to done to increase our global reserves.
Rapidly developing economies and huge increases in the population of the world are putting substantial stress on this most 7 In large parts of the world , we have grown precious resource.
But this is both unhealthy and unsustainable. Look at our waterways and roadsides - they are 4 From desertification to polar ice melting , deep in the rubbish we discard. In the industrialized land management very quickly. Habitat loss is a key element in the loss of biodiversity. Actually, there are reasons to claim this as 5 A significant element contributing to' one of our few environmental success stories : the topic received a great deal of making all forms of pollution more attention in the s and '80s, when a dangerous is the presence of heavy giant 'hole' in the ozone layer was metals such as lead and mercury that can discovered above Antarctica.
Luckily, poison our air, earth and water. We have people were persuaded to act quickly to no way of knowing what the long-term scale back the production and use of effects of many of these chemicals may CFCs and other substances proved to be be, as they are new.
Some studies are responsible for the hole, so although not suggesting that many compounds could solved , research indicates positive signs of be endocrine disruptors - chemicals that gradual improvement. Over 80 per cent of all life disappeared by the end of the century. The But the biodiversity is just one. Deforestation also It has been calculated that contributes to global warming. Trees are in some places, catching a ton of fish a significant part of the water cycle, and requires 17 times more effort now can prevent soil erosion.
Consequence Possible health problems How the situation has developed Ultraviolet radiation 2 There has been a 3 no longer 1 in the situation. Do the same issues still feature? Deforestation also ;:. Check overexploited.
Trees are -ether note form is in some places, catching a ton of fish a Significant part of the water cycle, and -sed.
Consequence Possible health problems How the situation has developed Ozone layer Ultraviolet radiation There has been a Air pollution Creates city smog and Pollution levels reduced Chemicals and All fonns of pollution are Can alter body's Millions still at risk, but use roxins made more dangerous.
Where is the greatest biodiversity on the planet found? Wbat problem do scientists fear this age could share with the age of the dinosaurs? Where is much of the industrialized world's waste sent? C Which professional group is most responsible for deforestation?
Most texts are to some extent about change — they talk about what has happened, is happening or may yet happen, or why these things might not or should not happen. For example, when we bring our friends and colleagues up to date in communication, whether written or spoken, we are normally informing them about some aspect of change since we last met.
Furthermore, when we communicate, we intend to add to what the listener or reader knows about a topic in some way; in other words, we hope we are changing their opinion or stock of knowledge. Consequently, you can say that most communication is concerned directly or indirectly with the topic of change. So, when reading a text, it is a good idea to pay attention to expressions of change, as these are often key points in the overall meaning of the text.
Learn how verbs combine with other words. Keep a note of the verb patterns you notice. When reading, pay attention to what the verb combines with in each sentence. Processes 6 Complete the missing information in this table. Flow-chart completion You should spend 20 minutes on this question. Reverse osmosis Our blue planet is a paradox. Life depends on water, yet in its natural form, the water in the oceans will not susta in us because we cannot drink salt water.
Fortunately, salt water can be made into fresh water, with the salt removed in the process of desalination. Although historical research shows this is nothing new, it is only in the last few decades that the conversion of salt water on a large scale has become possible, though it still only accounts for a tiny proportion o.
Desalination is being adopted as a solution to the problem of the scarcity of usable fresh water in areas where demand has outstripped the sustainable supply, or where natural sources of water supply are either fragile or in danger of being exhausted and also where climate change is making previously reliable sources unreliable.
It takes sea water and produces water that is suitable for human consumption or for agricultural purposes by a separation process that removes the dissolved salts and other impurities. There are various methods for doing this; the one most commonly used is called reverse osmosis, which involves four major processes, or stages, namely initial pre-treatment, pressurization, membrane separation and finally post-treatment stabilization.
Once the water has been collected from its source, it is transported to a holding basin. In the initial part of this pre-treatment stage, pieces of wood and small er suspended solids like sand are removed by passing the feed water through a particle filter. Then the filtered water is pumped through fine carbon microfilters that trap minerals and co ntaminants such as pesticides.
Chlorine is also removed here as a protective measure, as it would otherwise shorten the life of the membr. Next, the water is put under hi gh pressure and pushed through the permeable membranes arranged in series, which prevent the passage of dissolved salts in the seawater, while allowing the separated and desalinated product water to pass through.
Approximately half the feedwater becomes product water. In the post- treatment stage, the prodClct water undergoes blending with chemicals and minerals. Finally, the product water is sent to a cistern, where it is stored awaiting distribution for use.
Reverse osmosis is growing in popularity, as major improvements in the membranes, energy recovery, pumps and pressure vessels over the past ten to 20 yea rs have brought down the cost of desalinated water significantly. Removal of Then the product water can be sent to storage. A It is cheaper now than it was in previous years.
B It is more energy efficient than other methods. C Its end product is not restricted to use as drinking water. D It returns water back to the source in an altered condition. E It involves the use of dangerous chemicals. It is possible that all three are similar in meaning. Read the sentences in each group and decide which one, if any, is the odd one out, and say why. Sentence completion 3 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. If that were not the case, … 4 My plans for the future depend on whether or not … 5 If I continue to develop my vocabulary and practise my pronunciation, … 6 If I look back on the past year, the things that have been most important for me … 7 Unless something unexpected happens, I will … 8 If people like me want to make a big difference to the world, we … 9 I think if people want to tackle the problems of the environment, we … 10 If I want to fulfil my ambitions and make my dreams come true, I … Useful expressions with if … 4 How many of these expressions do you know how to use?
Check in a good dictionary. Well, , I would walk a bit more rather than taking a taxi everywhere. Overfishing might drive some species to extinction. In this question type, you fill in the gaps in a table using words from the text. Do not use any o'ther words and make sure the words you do use are spelled correctly. You may think that people are capable of living in a wide range of environments, from the hot deserts of Africa and the Middle East to the freezing cold of Siberia or Northern Canada.
Being an intelligent species, we worked out how to use fire to keep us warm in cold conditions and, considerably later, air conditioning to keep us cool in hot climates.
But our ability to survive in extreme conditions is surpassed by a wide variety of organisms capable of thriving in environments in which no human could survive - the extremophiles. Take, for example, Spinoloricus cinzia, a tiny creature, about a millimetre long and looking a little like a jellyfish.
This recently discovered animal is particularly interesting, as it appears to be capable of living without oxygen and is thus a multi-cellular anaerobe. The cells of most organisms contain mitochondria, which use oxygen to generate energy, whereas the cells of Spinoloricus cinzia do not contain mitochondria. Most anaerobes so far discovered are microbes and use a form of fermentation to gain energy - such as those found in human intestines. Some anaerobes will actually die in the presence of oxygen.
In some pa-rts of the world, there are d eep-sea hydrothermal vents through which very hot water flows into the sea. Recent studies have shown that there are some thermophilic bacteria, such as Methanopyrus kandleri, which are capable of surviving near these vents - in temperatures of up to degrees Celsius - and they may in fact die in temperatures below 50 degrees Celsius.
The important factor that allows such organisms to survive at such temperatures is the presence of enzymes that can withstand intense heat - heat that would destroy the enzymes found in other organisms, While there are mimy examples of small creatures such as bacteria that are extremophiles, there are others, such as Pachycereus pringlei, which are almost 20 metres tall.
Pachycereus pringlei is a cactus which grows in north- western Mexico and is a member of the class of xerophiles, organisms that are capable of surviving in an environment with very little water. Xerophilic organisms have adapted to such environments; for example, a saguaro cactus can absorb 76b litres of water during a rainstorm. Another adaptation is a long taproot, which can be several times longer than the part of the plant above ground.
You may not be familiar with Helicobacter pylori, but there is a good chance you are carrying around a few million of them in your stomach, as more than half the people in the world have them. Helicobacter pylori are a kind of bacteria which are able to survive inside your stomach, where the environment is strongly acidic. This bacteria has special proteins which can survive in very acid environments, so there is no need for it to modify the acidity.
For example, many anaerobic bacteria are used in the production of biogas from cattle manure. Thermophilic bacteria are being used to remove toxic chemicals from soils and sediments. With the unstable nature of world weather patterns, xerophilic plants could prove useful in agriculture. The acidophilic Acetobacter aceti is already extensively used in the food industry. This tiny microbe is capable of turning ethanol into vinegar. Questions Complete the chart below.
Kind of organism Description of How the organism Example of how environment in has adapted the organism can which it lives benefit humans anaerobes An environment in Uses Able to produce , which there is no to produce energy Areas with very The ability to May have an little water Expressions with earth 2 Use the context of these sentences to work out what the expressions in italics mean.
Check your answers in a good dictionary. S Good h9lidays needn't cost the earth. Each pair draws a crossword grid suggested size is 12 x 12 and makes a crossword puzzle using the environmental problems mentioned in this unit and the expressions with earth from Exercise 2 on page The answers should be a mixture of nouns, verbs and adjectives. Write the clues for your answers, then swap crossword puzzles with another pair.
What are the five most serious, in your opinion? How many words did you know? What are the key points to remember?
Can you change the words you find in the text? Why is it important to be able to spot paraphrases in the exam? Over to you 1 Make a collection of expressions with if, unless, otherwise and whether and try to use at least one every day.
Read them and evaluate how convincing their arguments are. Multiple-choice questions test your ability to read for specific information.
There are "'lIlII different types of multiple choice. This type offers you a 'stem' - sometimes an incomplete statement or a question - and three or four possible answers. Read the questions before you read the passage so you know what you are looking for. However, the country's dependence.
Key measures include those geared :;-cfully! A The country imports almost all of its energy. B The country' s need for imported energy is likely to decrease through energy efficiency. C The country considers nuclear power as one of the potential solLitions to the problem of imported energy. D The country aims to double its energy efficiency between and B Not true: A lthough energy efficiency is mentioned, it will not be enough to stop the Czech Republic's increasing need for energy imports.
C True D Not true: The figures for energy efficiency are not given. Before you read, predict which of these topics are likely to be discussed. Use these collocations, which are all based on the words source and energy, and the sentence beginnings below. Example: Accoro. Collocations are an important part of natural, fluent language. Learning common collocations is also an excellent way to make your English sound more natural. Write out collocations and useful expressions for different energy sources in your notebook - the more context you can give your examples, the better.
Working from context 2 Which energy sources are being talked about in these sentences? It is the same source in a, band c in each case. I a As the seams of What crisis? Looking at the forecasts for the world's energy reasons, believing that to save the planet they will demands for the future is pretty frightening. As the need to change and will stop driving their gas- population of the world has increased, so has our guzzling four-by-fours and heating their houses to 25 thirst for energy.
Should we build more nuclear degrees in winter so that they can sit in shorts and a power stations, as these don't produce the carbon T-shirt to watch their home cinema. Many more are dioxide that conventional coal or gas-fired power likely to change, not for ideological reasons, but for stations produce? But wait a minute - nuclear power financial ones. As the price of energy increases - is dangerous! Following the accident in Cernobyl in which, unless a new cheap source of energy is found, , many people turned against nuclear power, it almost certaihly will- people will face stark choices; preferring greener options like wind and solar power.
Interestingly, But how reliable is wind power? Even in windy parts since the recent financial crisis, there has been a of the world, like western England, the wind turbines significant increase in the number of people growing are not always turning. What could make up the their own food and consequently the demand for shortfall when the wind stops blowing?
Far too allotments, once seen as the preserve of old men, has dirty. Cleaner than coal, but it still produces skyrocketed. Too dangerous and It is quite probable that we won't be able to rely on politically sensitive.
Solar power? In northern the governments of the world to get us out of this Europe? You must be joking. Most democratic governments are That future generations will have to find not around for more than a decade, so it is clear that alternatives goes without saying. Without trying to they are more likely to look at the short-term rather sound too apocalyptic, there is no way that we can than long-term difficulties.
It is still not clear just Perhaps surprisingly, some of the poorest people how much damage we have already done, and are in the world will be least affected. If you are a currently dOing, to the planet, but the vast majority of subsistence farmer, growing enough food for your scientists believe that we have to do something.
However, if you can't live without your Will it be governments telling us to save energy in car and spend a high proportion of your income on various ways? Will it be companies producing ever energy in its various forms, then it is highly likely that more energy-efficient products?
Or will it be people you will have to accept some quite dramatic changes that change? Some may change for ideological in your life. B involve equally dangerous options.
A Not correct. Aspects of climate are mentioned, but C have no easy solution. D must include a cleaner use of gas. B Not correct. Danger is only mentioned in 2 The writer feels that" most people will change connection with nuclear power. The fact there are questions about each form shows there is no easy answer. A because energy will be more expensive D Not correct. Gas is mentioned, but not as a 'must'. C because new technology will improve A Correct energy efficiency.
D for ideologicar reasons. C Not correct: This is also speculative. D Not correct: More will change for financial "3 According to the text, in recent times demand reasons. The text states that there has been a C risen slowly. Significant increase in the number of people growing D increased dramatically.
Again, you may not have seen the word skyrocketed before, but t he word does suggest something going up very quickly, so the answe r is D. As you work through this book, you will increase your vocabulary in the process.
Keep a notebook with you and add any useful new words, expressions or collocations to' it, ideally with a bit of context so that you can see how the word or phrase is used.
One very important focus is on developing your awareness of paraphrase - different ways of saying the same thing. This is because in the test, the questions will rarely use the same grammar and key words as occur in the text.
There will always be more headings than you need. The River Estate near Shamva, 70 kilometres from Zimbabwe' s capital, Harare, boasts one of the best solar-village models in the country. Each family has two lamps and a connection for a radio or small television set. The new lighting systems have improved the quality of life for the community. They have extended study hours for schoolchildren, reduced rural-to-urban migration in the area, and upgraded health standards by electrifying a local health centre.
A A difficult balancing act for news organizations B The potential dangers of alternative medicine C Alternative medicine fights back Many news organizations are desperate to be seen as being fair to all sides. For example, when a doctor is on a news programme to talk about the potential dangers of alternative medicine, there will :J. The presenter of the programme, keen to remain neutral, gives them both equal air time to put their side of the story.
But does this give a realistic view to the public? Perhaps by remaining neutral, the news organizations are giving an unbalanced view.
Comments While alternative medicine is mentioned in the paragraph, it was only used as an example to illustrate a wider problem: the difficulty that news organizations face is trying to present the facts and remain neutral at the same time.
Therefore A is the answer. It has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list above the text.
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